2. Thromboangiitis obliterans
The blood vessels of the hands and feet are especially affected, becoming constricted or totally blocked. This reduces blood flow to the hand and foot tissues, resulting in pain and eventually damage.
www.uhseast.com

3. Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans): eMedicine Vascular Surgery
The first reported case of thromboangiitis obliterans was described in Germany by von Winiwarter in an 1879 article titled "A strange form of endarteritis and endophlebitis with gangrene of the feet."
emedicine.medscape.com

4. Thromboangiitis Obliterans -- Piazza and Creager 121 (16): 1858 -- Circulation
Figure 3. Invasive contrast angiography in a 28-year-old female smoker with thromboangiitis obliterans, severe secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon, and digital ischemia culminating in gangrene of her left index finger. Her aortic arch and proximal uppe...
www.circ.ahajournals.org

5. Thromboangiitis Obliterans: Peripheral Arterial Disorders: Merck Manual Professional
Thromboangiitis obliterans is inflammatory thrombosis of small and medium-sized arteries and some superficial veins, causing arterial ischemia in distal extremities and superficial thrombophlebitis. Tobacco use is the primary risk factor. Symptoms...
www.merck.com

6. DermAtlas: Online Dermatology Image Library dermatology image,thromboangiitis obliterans,Buerger disease
This 21-year-old Marine with a 4-pack-year history of smoking cigarettes complained of recurrent numbness and tingling in his hands when exposed to cold (Raynaud phenomenon), and recurrent ulcerations on the dorsal surface of the hands. Biopsy con...
dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu